Tuesday 16 June 2015

Motivation used to diet and lose weight of consumer behavior

Name : Nur Fatin BT Saidi                                 
Matric No : SX140219HAFS04                                                                                      

NRIC : 910819035942

Motivation used to explain behavior. It represents the reasons for people's actions, desires, and needs. Motivation can also be defined as one's direction to behavior or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior and vice versa. A motive is what prompts the person to act in a certain way or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior. Diet or lose weight is the sum of the food consumed by an organism or group. It’s most important to the customer that has obesity. But now not only for obesity people to lose weight. To lose weight and diet we need few tip and factors will influence consumer to make the decision.

Mostly consumer tried to diet before. Maybe customers just haven’t had the right diet motivation. It lasting weight loss is a slow process and it's all too easy to give up before reach the goal. With the right psychological tools your chances of diet success can be greatly improved. WebMD consulted experts for diet motivation tips that will keep you, and your diet, on the winning track to losing

The first is customers need to set the goal. This is to set in their mind to get what their want. With the goal, customers can follow easily because their will try hard work to make sure their goal accomplished. Small rewards can provide an incentive to keep going. But make sure rewards are not food-related. Set mini-goals along the way and reward yourself when customers reach them. Reward could be a massage or a new pair of jeans.

Customer also needs to have maintenance plan such as get the trainer, counseling and so on. For the example counseling can make consumers follow the instruction easily and trainer can help consumer to lose weight with the correct direction and information. Consumers can maintain healthy habits even after they reached ideal weight.

The factor to motivated consumers to lose weight is the culture. Culture can influence consumer to diet and get their ideal body. Culture will make consumer want to look slim wen their see the friends with slim dress, consumer will want it too. Now consumers want to diet with healthier food hen see their friends eat it.

Lifestyle also can effect customer such as go to gym to exercise every night. Even though customers busy with their schedule, they still want to make it. Lifestyle customer based on how they want to make and want it. Consumers try to develop a balanced lifestyle with an emphasis on nutrient, exercise and staying active.

The next is personality. Personality most important to consumers because they want the best in their life. If consumer go to the gym, that is their personality to make fulfill their demand and satisfaction. They will more confidence when their body so attractive.

Limiting salt and starches may also mean losing more weight at first but that's mostly fluids, not fat. Consumers need recommends eating a diet that minimizes starches, added sugars, and animal fat from meat and dairy foods. Consumer will make more many thing to achieve their motivation to lose weight and diet.

AHMAD YAZID AHMAD SALIM Children's Influence on Family Decision Making


In a family, each decision is not dependent on parents only. The influence of children is also important in making a decision. Every age group of children, they have their own tastes and opinions. Therefore, parents must accept their views with an open mind so that lasting happiness and comfort life. The influences of children on the process of family purchase decision depend on level of family size, income and lifestyle. The children have a significant influence in the purchase product for which they are the primary consumer such as food, cereal, drink, toys, clothing and school stationery.
Children age and gender
Age of children is an important element in the context of making a buying decision of parents. The older children play a bigger role than small ones. This is because the ability of older people to make a better assessment of a product in terms of ideas, feedback and servitude, while children who are younger are more likely to buy a product by simply asking without making any assessment in advance after seeing a particular product.
Not much difference in the effect of child gender on their parents buying decisions. Boys and girls are almost equally likely in products such as foodstuffs, sweets and stationery except toys and clothes.
Buying roles
Each family has different purchasing decision according to the way of life and their ability to spend. Products to buy depending on their needs and wants in order to create a happy family and comfortable living. This means that children have a powerful role in family decision making and they initiate the potential purchases.
Children with different ages will make parental decision-making process variable. Child itself does not necessarily have the expertise in influencing the purchasing decision of parents but it has significant effects in all decisions made. Parents need to have planning and evaluation before making a buying decision. Children influence becomes larger if the product to be purchased is to meet their needs and the factors involve around their friends.
Product type and product involvement
 Children have less influence in decision-making parents buy the goods that do not have associated with them such as television, smartphones and cars. For the high involvement product, a parent will make buying decisions without influence from children. The children will respond positively to the goods purchased. Depending on the product category, parent’s perception of children influence varies greatly.
Children are less involve in decision making parent regarding about the brand and model. It because of may be that children lack of experience necessary to make decision. Children tend to suggest to buy the product an d much influence with regards to product they like such as cereal, soft drink and candy  rather than product that family use such as vitamin pills, shampoo and toothpaste
Conclusion
Children have a strong influence on family decision making process in connection with product that relevant to them like cereal, drink and toys. Children influence also varies depending on the product category and situation. The gender of the children does not contribute significantly to parent perception of decision making process.


Nik Fatin binti Ahmad: Decision makers on choosing type of cake for wedding ceremony.

Decision makers on choosing type of cake for wedding ceremony.



NikFatinBintiahmad
Matrix no. : SX130397HAFS04


Introduction

Cake or dessert is important to decorate the ceremony , whether to pass or wedding cake , it should look beautiful and delicious ! Add fresh flowers for a romantic style or choose bright colors for which you want to appear bold and chic. Want to know the best selection of cakes for weddings , we have tips .

Selection of a wedding cake for the cake-cutting is essential . Hard cake can spoil the mood of the bride and family. Its hard want to cut the cake , because thick fondant going to out . cut the cake if the contents are scattered pieces of dust . Spoil ! So do not receive free cake from the catering if you do not want your cake cutting ceremony to be bridezilla .

So I wanted list- it kind of cake that may be appropriate for the occasiontopic . He got off to weddings, birthday parties to the council ‘akikah’ to take the cake from the cake maker who can be trusted. Try sample first.

Note : Wedding cake more expensive than a birthday cake and birthday cakes more expensive than a regular cake . For what ? As the name implies wedding cake .So do not be surprised if your cake is worth more than 200-300 . So if you are a creative , make their own cakes and deco own . Or just buy the existing cake recipe secret as possible ? Or if there are friends and relatives who know how to make a cake they can wage it .


Decision makers profile for wedding cake

Design Cake for wedding, engagement or birthday will reflect the overall style of your event in general. From cake decorating, many will probably know the concept of what you actually deserve.

The selection is good and in line with the concept of the event is the result of planning and a good idea and detail. The selection can be made from several types of coating or cake and frosting them fondant, buttercream or chocolate.

Design can be chosen according to your own tastes, whether looking for a modern design concept, classic, modern classic and so on.

Sometimes complicate the selection of wedding cake and some are saying is simple. Everything depends on our own to choose which one of the loveliest to be served to guests and also for ourselves as King Day.

Most wedding cakes we have ever seen there was a wide range of decor, style, color and variety of terrain. Of all the pretty sheer.


Consumer motivation and Push-pull Factors

 • The size of the cake - the cake size selection depending on how many guests to be entertained. It also depends on how many of the family of the bride both sides, relatives and others. A large cake suitable for guests who crowded but the use of cupcakes ( cupcakes ) is easier and efficiently.

Design - Various types and designs can be made depending on the type of cake. Fondant cake usually easier to design compared with buttercream cake. You can refer to magazines or websites for the latest design and popular cake. You can also discuss with the cake maker to design your own choice. Definitely a tough design make the cake price is a bit high.

Color - Normally cake Experts will recommend the appropriate color for your cake will depend on the color theme and concept of a function you want. But you can also select your own favoritecolor. Matter of concern to determine the color of the cake is the theme color, the color of the shirt, the color of the tablecloth cake and a few other things. This is to ensure that the color does not sink cake with color environment there. But white or pastel suitable for most occasions because although the color quite sunk but it appeared the characteristics of luxury.

Taste and texture of the cake - Of course you crave a delicious cake to eat. Sponge cake, chocolate cake ' moist ' or fruit cake is a popular type of cake for the wedding. This is because the texture is suitable for decoration. Examples cake fondant cake texture requires compressed and dense as chocolate ' moist ' or to support the weight of the fruit cake fondant itself. Use of the continental cakes, chesse cake, ice cream cake is discouraged for fear of melting caused by ambient temperature.

Ising type - There are various types such as icing buttercream, steam buttercream, fondant, royal icing and others. Fondant, or royal icing type is more popular although more expensive than buttercream buttercream or steam. This is because the more elegant and fondant cake can be altered to suit the customer.

Budget - Budget plays an important role in the selection of cakes. Definitely a big cake and a tough design is a higher price. Fondant cake is a great choice for those looking for a luxurious and refined varieties because of the price that could reach into the thousands of dollars . While buttercream cake is a cake that is suitable for those who are low- budget features. So talk to your partner before issuing a budget for your wedding cake. The high price is certainly better quality and give more satisfaction.


Conclusion

There needs to be a bit of knowledge in the field of election cake for relying less on consultant 100%. The right choice will simplify the next steps.



                                                     ***** ** *****

References

http://ourstoryourjourney.blogspot.com/2014/11/7-pemilihan-jenis-kek-kahwin-wedding.html

MUHAMMAD KAMAL BIN AHMAD
SX14021HAFS04



Prices and Consumer Behaviour problems during Festive Season in Malaysia

Introduction

According to E. S. Asamoah, M. Chovancová, pricing is importance to in purchasing. Psychological pricing has been used by marketers to influence buying behaviour of consumers. Psychological pricing is the practice of structuring and presenting prices to appeal to consumers’ emotions and to influence their decision-making processes (Pride and Ferrell, 1997). Thus, psychological pricing has play the key role to influence consumer behaviour.
The definition of Ramadan is ‘ninth month’ of the Islamic lunar calendar. Every day during this month, Muslims around the world spend the daylight hours in a complete fast.

Champion



The issue of rising food prices in the month of Ramadan is synonymous with festive season, which typically relates to the increased price of essential goods. In instant, issue of rising prices for chicken meat has become 'champions' for all issues related to festive price increase. However, it is not negligible problems for flour, sugar and other commodities as well as for some spice ingredients to have price increased during the month of Ramadan and other festive season.

Returning to the problem of chicken meat price increased, if thought and studied with an open mind, we cannot be sure why this issue often arises in the festive season. If it is said that consumer demand for chicken meat has increased this season, it was out of season celebration, chicken remains a main course at eateries within the country. Thus, the increased demand is not so great a difference so as to allow prices to skyrocketing in particular season.

Supplier

Reason suppliers increase the price for chicken feed is also causing confusion. Is the price of chicken feed only up to the festive season? Suppliers claimed that the chicken meat prices increased due to the increase of chicken feed. Is it also possible during celebrations in Malaysia chickens served with special meals and the food was too high a price? Thus the sales price of chicken should also be increased?

When consumers think deeply and came up with these questions, then we can see that a lot of reasons from suppliers deliberately caused confusion and eventually became excuses for closing the truth. Practical thinking and a lot of questioning could only be done by a wise consumer. Currently, smart consumers are increasing in number. Consumers begin to aware of their rights and also learnt to get information related to consumerism.

Think twice

In the month of Ramadan, in addition to discussions on injustice from the point of price increases and price manipulation were also discussed was the attitude of the consumers themselves. Just look around us, in the month of Ramadan, there are many opportunities for shopping either in the form of food in the Bazaar Ramadan, clothing and jewellery, home appliances and so on. Examine the attitudes of consumers while shopping, do they think and weight their choices before making a purchase, or do they unintentionally practicing impulse shopping to satisfy their appetite?

Shopping time!


Sometimes we feel sorry for a mother not win the hand to treat the needs of family members during shopping, while children chasing each other in the mall. At times we also feel funny when you see someone not enough hands to carry the bag result of purchases. No less sympathy when see black face of the father, whom fatigue accompanying the family go shopping.

The diversity of the consumers face is a blessing to the dealer. On behalf of discount sales, businessmen deceive consumers with shallow consciousness to continue buying. Unfortunately, we as consumers rarely think deeply and lazy to question too much about this situation. Although awareness on consumerism is increasing in Malaysia, but do not be surprised if many still easily fooled by the discount sales. This happens due to different attitudes of consumers. Although, consumers able to gather information about how to find their rights, there are still many users who avail themselves to be deceived.

Time to change

Therefore, during this holy month of Ramadan, let us all resolve to change. It is time that we as consumers stop the dealer in popularizing their products. Now is the time to become smart consumer.

Often in Islam, Ramadan is a month full of blessings. The practice of fasting is to teach us many things. To be sure, we learn contemplation, resist temptations, understand the meaning of hunger, thirst, hardship and also are modest in anything we are doing. Ramadan is also the month that educates people to practice 'giving' especially to the poor. As a consumer, especially for Muslims, to lose control of oneself while shopping is the opposite direction to these beautiful Islamic teachings to be carried out in the month of Ramadan.

Islam is a religion which rejects the attitude of extravagance. Not to mention the lavish spending that could eventually ensnare ourselves. These meshes are not only backfired, but consequences or penalty will be also felt throughout the family members, especially when we are caught in a debt burden of suffering. Therefore, wise consumer, please think. Are such expenses shall we pass on to our children?

Ramadan is suitable as the basis for all Muslims to change themselves for the better or more righteous. Change ourselves for the better includes ones transformations to be able to control his lust, practice smart thinking and a lot of questioning. Hopefully this will we be able to educate consumers to become smart and modest shopper to finally be able to achieve lifestyle change.

Conclusion

To change your lifestyle to a simple fact has many benefits. Here, the benefits will not be discussed one by one. But basically, with moderate life, we would not have to be quiet because racing be like everyone else, do not be fooled by advertising or offer for varieties of discounts sale and no need to incur debt and living in pretence. In fact, the money may be used for the purposes of personal development and family education, especially for children’s future.

Reference: http://acta.mendelu.cz/pdf/actaun201159070029.pdf

http://islam.about.com/od/ramadan/f/ramadanintro.htm

WEIGHT LOSS PROBLEM

Ku Norasriza Ku Ahmad
SX110744HFS04


Generally, overweight or obesity is a huge problem that often disturb emotionally and from the inside regardless gender and even children nowadays been exposed to weight problem. A lot of factors contributing to obesity such as unhealthy eating behaviors like consuming too much calories and oily food or drinking too much carbonated drinks. People tend to get obesity due to lack of physical activity, unhealthy environment and lifestyles and also family genetic. Being overweight and obese can caused dangerous diseases and may also increase the risk of getting diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure, breathing problem, arthritis and also cancer. It is not easy to lose weight and it takes a lot of commitment to reduce weight. There are so many ways to lose weight whether through natural diet or rapid slimming treatment. Natural way of losing weight consists of physical activity, practicing diets and stress reduction. Alternatively, people can lose weight via slimming treatment such as weight loss surgery and also consuming slimming pills. By choosing rapid slimming treatment for losing weight will cost a lot of money. The cost of weight loss surgery that includes all procedures and the cost of maintenance after the surgery will cause a lot of money and very expensive.

The effectiveness of both methods depends on human body reaction. Sometimes practicing diets maybe very effective to one person whereby he or she can lose weight so easy but it may not be effective to other person. Many researchers do their studies on the side effect of rapid slimming via slimming treatment or natural way to keep the ideal weight. All the findings about the side effect of slimming treatment that can cause harm to human body due to slimming pills may contains drug that can harm and damage human kidney. Even sometimes the effect cannot be seen in a short term period, the side effects of consuming a lot of chemical drugs will come at the old stage.

According to statistic, obesity in Malaysia is increasing so drastically day by day. The World Health Organization (WHO) survey in 2010 ranked Malaysia as sixth in Asia with the highest adult obesity rate. Unhealthy life style especially on eating behaviors is the main reason of the increasing obesity rate in Malaysia. ‘Nasi Lemak’ and ‘ Teh Tarik’ are the favorites menu for Malaysian breakfast and they don’t realize that menu contribute a lot of calories to the body. But most of the Malaysian also eats this kind of food during supper and late night. There are several method of losing weight via slimming treatment or by natural way and the effectiveness of the method is depends on the body reaction.

Slimming products whereby seller advertise it online by providing testimonial from other users become famous in the market and it influences many people to use the product without knowing the side effect of the product that may bring harm to their body. Sometimes the product is not suitable for certain people and people must be aware about the ingredient or contents of the product. The awareness about the best way to lost weight must be spread among Malaysian to prevent the weight loss problem.

Losing Weight

Weight can be specified by the total energy that we consume in food and the total of energy we spend for the daily activities. Energy is measure in calories. People will gains weight if the total calories they take daily is not equal to the total calories they use. If people intends to cut down their weight, they have to do more physical activities and consume less calories based on their lifestyle.

The lifestyle and working habits specify how much of calories human need per day. A person involved in severe physical reactivity would naturally burn more calories per day than people who sit at the table all day.

For those who have work that requires heavy physical activities may increase the total calories burn. The average estimation for a woman in age range around 31-50 years, who have active lifestyle requires about more that thousand calories each day to keep the normal body weight. A man of the same age also requires approximately about more than 2 thousand calories gaining weight balanced. Taking part in moderate physical activity (exercise 3-5 days a week) requires about 200 extra calories per day.


How to Lose Weight in A Natural Way

Many people do not know an effective way to lose weight. People nowadays see which way is more easily and quickly without thinking about side effects that will be encountered from taking substances pills that are harmful to bodies. They are more concerned with the drastic result and sudden weight loss in order to look slimmer and in a short time. But they do not think about the effects and consequences of taking it can cause serious health problems such as kidney failure, heart disease and other diseases that are very dangerous. Actually there are so many ways to lose weight in a safe manner.

There are two effective methods to lose weight which are by doing regular exercise and practice healthy eating. Apart from physical training, there are also natural remedies and recipes that will help people to achieve their ultimate goal. If people combine this method together with their healthy eating and exercises, they can speed up the weight loss process.

The Most Effective Way to Lose Weight

Actually there are a lot of effective ways to lose weight. First thing we should have a positive attitude on how to control our daily food management. The best way to lose weight also can burn up calories by do a lot of exercise rather than eat unknown pills for rapid slimming. We also can control our intake of food calories. Both methods are very important to make sure the diet plan is successful.

According to KateTorgovnick ,2007 researchers from Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research said most of the people who record their meals and snacks calories, every time they eat can reduce their weight faster. Meaning that to lost weight people must observe their calories intake and choose correct meal in daily basis. This method is good to someone who started to lost weight in the correct way.

Bonnie Taub,2014 when people who wants to lose weight write down the calories for every meal that they eat everyday either in diary and in the phone, it will helps to lose weight in a good way, because individual can control the meal calories by themselves.

There is also a diet call Atkins where the dieters cannot take carbohydrate at all and this type of diet plan is actually helps to lose weight rapidly. By cutting down the carbohydrate intake forces the body to burn existing fat, which then leads to the production of ketones. Ketones are breakdown products of fat burning that are known to suppress hunger." Stephanie Castillo (2014).

Other best effective way to lost weight is to eat less rice and consume more vegetables and do exercise. Once people choose to implement healthy lifestyle by going to gym or do exercises they must control their food intakes as well and to ensure that they did not eat oily food and sugar. Consuming healthy food such as fruits and vegetables may reduce the chance of getting chronic disease and cancer. Fruits and vegetables also consist of vitamins and minerals which is good for health.

There are tips from Dawn Jackson Blatner,2013 he advice, the effective way to lost weight is to drink plenty of plain water and secondly people must reduce the snacking time which is mean they will eat when they are boring and had nothing to do. People who wants to lose weight also must eat according to time and do not skip meal just because wants to get skinny faster. All that mentioned earlier are good tips to lost weight in natural way without need to consume any other supplement to speed up the slimming process.

Consumer Behavior that related to the topic of weight problem :

CONSUMER MOTIVATION
Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action. This driving force is produced by a state of tension, which exists as the result of an unfulfilled need. Individuals strive both consciously and subconsciously to reduce this tension trough selecting goals and subsequent behavior that they anticipate will fulfill their needs and thus relieve them of the tension they feel. Whether gratification is actually achieved depends on the course of action pursued. The specific goals that consumers wish to achieve and the courses of action they take to attain these goals are selected on the basis of their personality characteristic, perceptions, previous learning and experiences and attitudes.

NEEDS
Every individual has needs: Some are innate , others are required. Innate needs are physiological; they include the needs for food, water, air, clothing, shelter and sex. Because they are needed to sustain biological life, the biogenic needs are considered primary needs or motives. Acquired needs are needs that we learn in response to our culture or environment. These may include needs for self-esteem, prestige, affection, power and learning. Because acquired needs are generally psychological, they are considered secondary needs or motives. Motives or needs can have a positive or negative direction.

GOALS
Goals are the sought-after results of motivated behavior. Individuals get goals on the basis of their personal values, and they select means (or behaviors) that they believe will help them achieve their desire goals

FACTOR AFFECTING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS FAST FOOD


Mohd Azlan bin Omar Baki

SX112417HFF04


Introduction

Motivation is a theoretical construct used to explain behavior in giving a predisposition to behave in a certain way. It represents the reasons for people's actions, desires and needs. Motivation can also be defined as one's direction to behavior or what causes a person want to repeat a behavior and vice versa. Its a word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychological concepts are.

Nowadays, people are influenced and motivated by many things. Food and clothing are the major consumption goods for all individuals and communities. One is essential to sustain human life and other is required to maintain human dignity. The modern technology has entirely change the lifestyle and also living patterns of community life in every way. People concentrate more on effort saving and time saving than money. In this situation, ‘ready made’ are preferred over self-prepared solutions such as ready made garments, packed food, customized package etc are gaining more importance. In view of changing consumer choice for time saving and convenience, the food industry offered another choice to consumer in the form of fast food. In today's world, fast food is something that almost everyone, right from kids to the oldies, loves and talks about fast food. Fast food is the one of the world's fastest growing food types. Its defined as a wide variety of foods such as popular entrees like McDonald's, Burger King, Dominos, KFC and etc. Each of these has its own strengths and provide more options offered to consumers.




Why do consumer can be influenced?

In reality, individual nor community easily affected if its able to meet the needs and satisfaction. How does who we are impact what we buy and how we buy it? How do we decide on the food that we choose to eat? Often, our surroundings dictate many of these decisions. In fact, all consumer decisions are impacted to some degree by what's around us include of this two (2) factor with is Consumer Influences and Organizational Influences.

Consumer Influences :

  • Life Style
    Popularity of fast food and eating on the run has increased as our lifestyles have changed over the years. Has become a trend people now prefer to eat fast food suitable for leisure or for business purposes.
  • Peer Groups
    Peer pressure can influence food choices at restaurants especially fast food because of the interaction between peers more influence and also with same characteristics (contextual peer effects).
  • Feelings
    Fast food has become so popular all over the world. Obviously the fact that people enjoying eating it. Satisfaction can create confidence towards consumer.

There is a few things contained in these factors contribute to consumer decision towards fast food in terms of Opinions, Values, Personality, Attitudes and Knowledge by consumer.

Organizational Influences :

  • Brand
    For example McDonald’s, KFC, Dominosor an equivalent brand already known, popular and strong in the industry. It always in the minds of consumer.
  • Service
    Delivery services or drive-thru services as example among the advantages available at fast food compared to other in accordance with customer needs now without visiting to the restaurant, saving time, costs and energy.
  • Convenience
    The fast food restaurants have been known as a convenience and good store ambiance suite to all visitors with their extra facilities such as wifi and etc.
  • Quality
    Is a major cause consumers prefer to choose fast food compared to other worth with the money paid for the service tax imposed to customer.

There are more things that affect consumer to choose fast food apart from listed above for example effectiveness of Advertising, Promotions strategy, Product Availability, Word of Mouth, Loyalty Programs and etc.

 

Conclusion

As motivation, choosing fast-food restaurants appears to differ somewhat by age, sex, education, employment status and household size, tailored interventions could be considered. Additional individual differences such as personality, values and lifestyles affect consumer behavior for all circumstances. Each following differences affect every consumer actions with a view to achieving customer satisfaction, needs and desire in line with the action against of obtaining, consuming and disposing of product and services.

 

Refference:

1) Book : Consumer Behavior / Roger D. Blackwell

2) http://www.slideshare.net/Neha24g/consumer-behaviour-towards-consumption-of-fast-food



Monday 15 June 2015


MOHAMAD AMINUDDIN BIN ASHARI
SX 130390HAFS04




INFLUENCE IN FAMILY BUYING DECISION MAKING

     Purchases made consumers very diverse and influenced by several things. Either internally or externally of the consumer itself. A family consisting of father, mother and child can affect the consumption of goods and services to be purchased. Each member of the family affect each other in making decisions to buy or consume a product. Each family member has a role in decision-making, and can have more of a role.

The role of family members in the decision are:
 
Initiator
     A family member who has an idea or a notion to buy or consume a product or service. The initiator will provide an overview and product information to other family members to be considered and to facilitate decision-making. Generally, the initiator is the parent, but many are also found in the family that the child is also the initiator in the decision to purchase products and services.
Influencers
A family that is always consulted for goods and services to be purchased. While giving effect more often seen by children demanding or forcing parents to buy a product or service offered by his own brother. But also elderly parents can be an influence to respond to the ideas of members of his family.

Gate keeper
     A filter information in general is the role of parents who will sift through all the information and choose the best for his family. For example, a mother who does not tell the new toys to their children in order for her not to be consumptive. Or a father who did not tell his troubles to the family so that they are not depressed.

Decider
     A decision maker in the family, usually a parent. A Mom and Dad can have the same power to make decisions on consumption goods and services. But no doubt also sometimes just the mother or father who has a strong influence on decision-making. For example if a mother wants to buy goods priced and expensive to ask for permission to the husband. A mother can also be the ultimate decision makers in purchasing equipment or needs for children are still toddlers.

Buyer
    A family member who is assigned to buy a product. A mother tells her son to buy groceries to shop, or ordered aides to spend each day.

User
     Every family member can be a user of the goods and services purchased. A product that may be consumed by a family member is rice, but there is a product that is only consumed by some family members only. For instance baby formula, diapers or baby food that is provided to family members of the young.


Refferences ;
1) http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/cb_Family_Decision_Making.html
2) http://www.irjcjournals.org/ijmssr/Feb2014/5.pdf

INFLUENCES OF CAR BRAND NAMES ON CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISION

Name:              Puteri Dara Norhayati bt Zailani
Matric no.:       SX130407HAFS04

Top car brand logo

In our contemporary society, a brand doesn’t only portray as a combination of names, design and symbol nonetheless brand describe the customer’s perception and impression about performance of the particular product as well. For a person who owns such branded product will reflect his status achievement, his lifestyle, his economic background and his personality. This describe brand have a value of high involvement towards individual image.

Nowadays, consumer easily attached to the specific brand. This prove by when they do purchasing, consumer being selective to choose their things such as private car, handbag, watch, cosmetic, those selection made based on branded thing that they have trust and looking for quality. Studies have shown that, consumer will determine instantly from among a number of selection that includes well-known brand and unfamiliar brand. This is due, a well-known brand have their own space in consumer mind and have excellently creating brand awareness of their product.

To identify and consider the connection between brand names influence on a consumer purchase decision, I decided to review theories and survey on factors of influence brand name to the consumer purchasing decision to buy their dream car. When a consumer intend to buy a car, they have plenty of brand names in their mind to choose from, however generally they will purchase a car with bent to the brand name and company reputation in marketplace due previous experience, trust and the power of word to mouth marketing tool.

There are six factors of influence brand name to the consumer purchasing decision in the automobile car industry. These factors are:-

1.      Brand loyalty
Mostly, consumer being loyal to specific branded car because the brand has satisfied consumer need and has obtained their trust in the brand name. Some consumer are even using same branded car for their generation as their well experience with the brand performance and expectation.

2.      Brand awareness
Generally, consumer will decide to purchase well-known branded car as their have knowledge and being brief inform related to the performance, quality and warranty of the branded car. Consumer will feel confidence and comfortable to make a decision towards buying a well-known brand instead of unknown brand.

3.      Brand Association in addition to perceived quality
In general, consumer consider that well-known branded car have high quality better than unknown brand. As brand awareness of the product successfully deliver to the consumer, this cause that brand get well placed in consumer perception and automatically manufacturer quality service being able to gain consumer trust.

4.      Self-esteem
Consumers determine to purchase certain branded product to enrich their self-esteem and bring positive feeling to the individual image.

5.      Price Strategy
Some consumers neglect the well-known brand and choose to the lower price brand due to the expenditure factor. Furthermore, car manufacturer should create a price strategy to be cost friendly to potential consumer which flexible for certain range.

6.      Social Class
Habitually, consumer purchase branded cars such as BMW and Mercedes presume that it does define their prestige level in the society. Every social class has different choices and preferences for different products and even they have different tastes and life style.

Most of the consumers decide to purchase cars due to the brand name, they know brand names wherewithal good quality and they choose the well-known brand cars with confidence. Customers have many selections in the automobile industry. So when customers intend to purchase a car, brand name influences the customer’s decision. Customers consider many things about the cars; one of the outstanding among them is the brand name. In this competitive market, brand name is an asset for a company and it can be used as an effective marketing tool. Every brand name has its own reputation in the customer’s mind.

References:
  • 1.      Influence of Brand Name on Consumer Decision in Car Choice:
  • 2.      Influence Of Brand Name On Consumer Decision Making Process- An Empirical Study On Car Buyers:

Consumer’s Attitude and Perception on the Consumption of Milk



Name   : Nurul Hudha Bt Kudri
Matric  : SX130406HAFS04



Consumer has various attitude and perception on the consumption of milk. Milk contributes significant amounts of nutrition to the diet because all nutrients found abundantly in milk are good for health concern people.

Regarding the consumer’s attitude and perception on the consumption of milk, it appears that the behaviour is influenced by many factors. Jane Lu Hsu and Yu-Tso Lin, (2006) examined the consumption patterns of fresh milk, yogurt drinks, and flavoured milk along with other product attributes that consumers perceived. They found that, the taste and flavour of fluid milk products are the value attributes and consumers who purchase more fresh milk products pay more attention to the fat content, calcium content, and whether the products have the certified labels. For yogurt drink, consumers value overall beneficial bacterium attributes of the products. Thus, a common attitude and perception are the taste, flavor and the nutrition fact of the milk. And based on the research finding, consumers who purchase larger quantities of milk are from higher household incomes.

Mitsostergios and Skiadas (1994) conducted two studies in Chania in order to identify consumers’ attitudes and perceptions to fresh pasteurized milk. Mitsostergios and Skiadas were using two type of survey that consists of sets of questionnaires. Qualitative research interviews were made in order to find out about reasons for consuming fresh pasteurized milk and to assess the conscious or unconscious motivation. Quantitative research was guided by the qualitative research in order to find out about the attitudes and perceptions towards milk and the brand promotion.

In Mitsostergios and Skiadas first research, the interviews were conducted to 10 people in the municipality of Chania and six of the respondents were married and females. For their second research, 150 respondents were administered in a random sampling and 62.67 per cent of the sample was married and females. The results indicated that both research fit the data that decision making and the buying of milk were made mostly by female/wife. Most of the respondents preferred fresh pasteurized whole milk because it has a better taste and odour, healthy and nutritious.  Respondents feel secure buying branded milk because it provide them safety and more healthy than no-branded milk. The study revealed that the consumption of milk and purchasing behavior are mainly females as they was the decision maker regarding the household shopping.

Packaging design can become a critical tool in influencing consumer choice. Lynsey Hollywood, Laura Wells, Gillian Armstrong and Heather Farley (2013) conducted a study on consumer attitudes towards packaging design as a tactical strategy for increasing the commercial value of liquid milk within the dairy industry. The basic function of packaging is to “preserve product integrity” by protecting the actual food product against potential damage from “climatic, bacteriological and transit hazards” (Stewart, 1995). In a qualitative research design, 33 participants and data were analyzed. Findings were categorized based on the form, function and appearance of packaging design. Results revealed that the majority of respondent prefer larger pack sizes, resealing cap, and attractive appearance as it was more convenient and easier to search by imagining the brand and colour.

The study reveals that the majority of households prefer the taste and flavour of fluid milk products and consumers pay more attention to the nutrition contain in the milk. Moreover, the supermarket is the place where most respondents prefer to buy milk. The consumption of milk and purchasing behavior are mainly from females. Advertising campaign could be concentrating on the benefits in order to widen their market opportunities because respondents feel secure buying branded milk than no-branded milk. The packaging also should be convenient and easy for consumer.


 Articles cited from:

  1. K.T. Mitsostergios and C.H. Skiadas, (1994),"Attitudes and Perceptions of Fresh Pasteurized Milk Consumers:", British Food Journal, Vol. 96 Iss 7 pp. 4 – 10
  2. Jane Lu Hsu and Yu-Tso Lin, (2006),"Consumption and attribute perception of fluid milk in Taiwan", Nutrition & Food Science, Vol. 36 Iss 3 pp. 177 – 182
  3. Lynsey Hollywood, Laura Wells, Gillian Armstrong and Heather Farley, (2013),"Thinking outside the carton: attitudes towards milk packaging", British Food Journal, Vol. 115 Iss 6 pp. 899 - 912